![]() ![]() A local anesthetic such as lidocaine or tetracaine is injected into the affected area for minor surgical procedures such as suturing a clean, open wound.These same topical agents are used to decrease localized pain such as the pain associated with a burn. A topical anesthesia such as lidocaine or benzocaine is used for less invasive procedures as well as prior to the administration of a local anesthetic for procedures such as the removal of a skin lesion.The types of local and regional anesthesia include: Whenever possible local and regional anesthesia are used rather than general anesthesia because general anesthesia places the client at greater risk for complications. ![]() Manage client during and following a procedure with moderate sedationĪssessing the Client's Responses to Recovery From Local, Regional and General AnesthesiaĪnesthesia is categorized as local, regional, conscious sedation, and general anesthesia.Provide preoperative and postoperative education.Monitor effective functioning of therapeutic devices (e.g., chest tube, drainage tubes, wound drainage devices, continuous bladder irrigation).Monitor the client before, during, and after a procedure/surgery (e.g., casted extremity).Use precautions to prevent further injury when moving a client with a musculoskeletal condition (e.g., log-rolling, abduction pillow).Educate client about home management of care (tracheostomy and ostomy).Educate client about treatments and procedures.Apply knowledge of related nursing procedures and psychomotor skills when caring for clients undergoing therapeutic procedures.Assess the client response to recovery from local, regional or general anesthesia.Source: BioMed Central, “ The 5th anniversary of the “Universal Protocol”: pitfalls and pearls revisited,” Philip F Stahel, Philip S Mehler, Ted J Clarke and Jeffrey Varnell, accessed Nov.In this section of the NCLEX-RN examination, you will be expected to demonstrate your knowledge and skills of therapeutic procedures in order to: If a professional fails to take a time out and injures a patient, that can be the basis for a medical malpractice claim and something you may want to consider. Only the surgeon himself or herself knows the full scope of the operation, so he or she should go through final checks with the staff who is present during the surgery. Surgical time outs are also a good time for surgeons to review and check that surgical sites are marked correctly, since leaving this to interns or varied staff members isn’t enough to guarantee the surgery goes as planned. Medical devices, tools and implants are all reviewed during the time out to make sure they are in proper working order before the surgery ever begins. Time outs did not always include safety checks, but the time has been expanded to include verification steps, like checking to make sure the patient is in the proper position for surgery and making sure all the patient’s medical documents are prepared and ready in case they are needed.ĭiagnostic images might be reviewed or checked during this stage, as could the review for drugs, like preoperative antibiotics, that a patient may need to have injected. ![]() ![]() This single step gives doctors and nurses time to talk, focus and double check important information before beginning sometimes long and arduous surgeries. It’s an important pre-surgery break that helps reduce the risk to the patient.Ī surgical time out is an important part of the safety steps taken before a patient goes into surgery. For surgeons, one of these strategies is called a surgical time out. There are many steps doctors, nurses and other medical providers can take to keep patients safe. ![]()
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